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- Ernest Hemingway
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- Chris Ivie
- American Literature
- Dr. Breeden
- 10/2/96
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- Many of Ernest Hemingway's books have had different meaning and all could be interpreted in
- different way, but there has never been so much written about his other stories. Well the Old Man and the
- Sea had more written about it than any of his other novels and there have never been so many different
- types of interpretations about his other novels. The Old Man and the Sea is a book in which can be
- interpreted in many different ways. Here you will read what many critics have composed about the story
- of a great writer, Ernest Hemingway. Many of the critics have the same outlook on the works of
- Hemingway. Hemingway's work The Old man and the Sea can be looked at in many different
- perspectives. All the critics believed that his styling of writing was very defined.
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- In 1944 Ernest Hemingway went to Havana, Cuba and it was there he wrote a letter to Maxwell
- Perkins which states he has a idea on a new novel called The Old Man and the Sea ( Nelson and Jones
- 139). Hemingway first got his idea for The Old Man and the Sea from the stories that he had heard in the
- small fish cities in Cuba by a man named Carlos Gutierrez. He had known of this man for about twenty
- years and the stories of the fighting marlins. It was then that he imagined that man under the two
- circumstances and came up with the idea. After about twenty years of pondering on the story , he decided
- that he would start on the novel of The Old Man and the Sea. The story The Old Man and the Sea is
- about a old man named Santiago who has to over come the great forces of nature. Things seem to always
- go wrong for him because originally he started out going to fish for some dinner, then he caught the
- biggest marlin ever and it pulled him out in the bay of Cuba even more then he was. After he was pulled
- out, he hurt his hands and couldn't risk going to sleep because of the risk of sharks. When the sharks
- finally attacked he lost the marlin which had become a great part of him because he knew that no one
- would believe him when he told them the size of the marlin. This has to be one of the most memorable
- fights in a novel that I have ever seen, but I think that the way he put the novel together was just as good
- as that of the fight.
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- When he put them together it was then that he relized that what he was actually writing about
- was a struggle of man vs. nature. He liked the idea of man vs. nature and decided to use it in the struggle
- scene with the marlin. Magill wrote," the book can be seen as a fable of the unconquerable spirit of man,
- a creature capable of snatching spiritual victories from the circumstances of disaster and material defeat"
- (Magill 4325). Also it is said," the conflict is of the strength of a ordinary man and the power of
- nature"(Magill 4325). I feel that Santiago plays a large role in the novel by being able not to give in and
- prove to the element of nature that he would over come them in the long run.
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- Magill wrote," The Old Man and the Sea is a direct descendant of Moby Dick"(Magill 4326).
- He feels that the struggle between Santiago and the marlin is very much like that of the whale and the
- captain in Moby Dick. The similarities between The Old Man and the Sea and Moby Dick are extremely
- noticeable after reading both of the stories back to back, but there are differences in the story line. The
- main difference is that Santiago never comes out with anything unlike the captain in Moby Dick.
- Santiago was left with just a broken boat, a bad fishing pole, and the misery of defeat.
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- The story could also be interpreted as being religious because of the struggle that Santiago was
- put though. Also it is felt by some people to be religious because of the way he only cut his palms( from
- the rope), his feet( on the front of the boat) and his head(when the bow hit him in the head). It is often
- portrayed as that of Jesus on the cross. I don't know if I really agree with this interpretation of it being
- religious. The reason I don't agree with this is because if everytime someone got cut on the hands and feet
- in a movie or book then I guess that they too resemble that of Jesus on the cross.
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- This story has many different interpretations to it, but would the interpretations be if the story
- contained everyone from the village in it and sowed how the were raised, born, educated, and bore
- children. This story could have been well over a thousand pages if the above were included (Plimpton
- 125). The big question that I ask is though, if all the above were included in the novel, how different do
- you think that the interpretation would be? I feel that the interpretations would be so very different
- because the whole story be circled around that of the battle between Santiago and the marlin. Also, I
- believe that the religious interpretations would be not as strong because of dealing more with the life of
- the city people and that of Santiago.
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- Hemingway is a writer who creates things out of his head. If he wasn't a genius then how come
- did he win a Pulitzer Pride for the story The Old Man and the Sea Hemingway states," I knew two or three
- things about the situation, but I didn't know the story" " I didn't even know if that big fish was going to
- bite for the old man when it started smelling around the bait. I had to write on inventing out of
- knowledge. You reject everything that is not or can't be completely true."(Bruccoli 179) I think that
- Hemingway is a genius for writing this novel because in my point of view it shows the battle between
- human and nature and that really caught my attention rereading this novel for the third time. I also
- caught the moral of the story in my point of view, and that is not everything good that you have is always
- going to be there. To me that means alot because that moral also refers alot about your family as well as
- friends.
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- Hemingway is looked upon as one of the greatest writers to ever set foot on this earth in the
- twentieth century. He is a writer who is know for leaving very little left unsaid or leave you wondering,
- for example, what's going to happen, is he gonna die or not. As you could see in this novel he got to the
- point in a direct manner without leaving anything unsaid and he definitely didn't leave you thinking about
- if Santiago was going to live or not.
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- Many people do not like the writings of Ernest Hemingway because they feel most everything
- that he writes about is unhappy or make believe. Fredrick Busch said at one point in time ," He didn't
- want to read that of which was unhappy or make believe" referring to Hemingway's work (Bryfonski
- 130). Many have said to believe that The Old Man and the Sea
- was written about the life of Ernest Hemingway, which in reality it was written about a Cuban by the
- name of Carlos Gutierrez. However some of the parts in this story do relate to things Hemingway has
- experienced.
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- In conclusion, The Old Man and the Sea can be interpreted in many different forms, but I think
- it isn't how you interpret it. Don't get me wrong some people like to read to see how many ways you can
- interpret it but , you should read a novel to learn from others mistakes and also for the pleasure of
- expanding you knowledge American and English literature. I could name many different books in which
- I have read that have actually left a impact on my life in some sort or another.
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- Bibliographies
- Bruccoli, Matthew J. Conversations with Ernest Hemingway.
- Mississippi: UP Mississippi, 1986
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- Bryfonski, Dedria. Contemporary Authors. Michigan: Bok Towers,1984
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- Magill,Frank M. Masterplots. 8 vols., New Jersey: Salem Press,1976
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- Nelson, Gerald B., and Glory Jones.
- Hemingway: Life and Works. New York: Facts on File Publications,1984
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- Wagner, Linda W. Ernest Hemingway, Five Decades of Criticism .
- Michigan: Michigan State UP, 1974
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- Wagner, Linda W. Ernest Hemingway, Six Decades of Criticism.
- Michigan: Michigan State UP, 1982
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